Global Financial Crisis Causes Housing Market Cause Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1328 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Between 1997 and 2006, the price of a typical house increased by 122%. During the two decades ending in 2002, the national median home price ranged from 2.5 to 3.2 times median household income and the proportional ratio is 4.2 in 2004 and 4.4 in 2006. This housing bubble result moved in quite a few homeowners refinancing their homes at lower interest rates, or financing consumer spending by taking out second mortgages secured by the price appreciation. In the year 2006 last quarter the average housing prices by September 2008 had declined by 20% over in peak time. Easy credit, and a belief that house prices would continue to appreciate, had encouraged many subprime borrowers to obtain adjustable-rate mortgages and these mortgages enticed borrowers with a below market interest rate for some predetermined period, followed by market interest rates for the remainder of the mortgages term. These Borrowers could not make the higher payments once the initial grace period ended would try to refinance their mortgages. Refinancing became more difficult, once house prices began to decline in many parts of the developed and developing countries. Borrowers who found themselves unable to escape higher monthly payments by refinancing began to default. In the year 2007, lenders had begun foreclosure proceedings on nearly 1.3 million properties, a 79% increase till 2006. This increased to 2.2 million in 2008, an 82% increase vs. 2007. By the month July 2008, 9.2% of all mortgages outstanding were either delinquent or in foreclosure. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Financial Crisis Causes Housing Market Cause Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Risk-taking behavior cause The key theme of the crisis is that many large financial institutions did not have a sufficient financial cushion to support the commitments made to others or absorb the losses they sustained. Using technical terms, these firms were highly leveraged (i.e., they maintained a high ratio of debt to equity) or had insufficient capital to post as collateral for their borrowing. A key to a stable financial system is that firms have the financial capacity to support their commitments. The Economists are argued: The major critical role for regulation is to ensure that the sellers of risk have the capital to support their bets. The Risk-taking behavior includes Home equity extraction, Consumer and household borrowing, Housing speculation and corporate risk-taking and leverage factors Pro-cyclical human nature. Financial market factors cause During a period August 2007 of strong global growth, growing capital flows, and prolonged stability earlier this decade, market participants sought higher yields without an adequate appreciation of the risks and failed to exercise proper due diligence. At the same time, weak underwriting standards, unsound risk management practices, consequent excessive leverage combined to create vulnerabilities in the system. Policy-makers, regulators, increasingly complex and opaque financial products, and supervisors, in some advanced countries, did not adequately appreciate and address the risks building up in financial markets, or take into account the systemic ramifications of domestic regulatory actions keep pace with financial innovation. Macroeconomic conditions Interest rates contributed to an increase in one year and five year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may set asset prices high generally move inversely to interest rates also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble and it became riskier to speculate in housing Trade deficits created demand for various types of raising the prices of those assets while lowering interest rates, financial assets. International investors had these funds to lend, either because they had very high personal savings rates (as high as 40% in China), or because of high oil prices. These referred to as a flood or saving glut of funds (capital or liquidity) reached the financial markets. Stock market crash cause One of the key area stock market crashes is a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market which is the major factor trade investors. Crashes are driven by panic and also as much as by underlying economic factors. They often follow speculative stock market bubbles in the real business factor. Stock market crashes was in fact social phenomena where external economic events combined and also with crowd behavior and psychology in a positive feedback loop where selling by some market participants drives more market participants to sell in loss. In general speaking, crashes usually occur under the conditions of prolonged period of rising stock prices and excessive in economic optimism. The P/E ratios exceed long-term averages in market and extensive use of leverage and margin debt by market participants. There is no numerically specific definition of a crash but the term commonly applies to steep double-digit percentage losses in a stock market index over a period of several days and carried it to more than a year. In general crashes are often distinguished from bear markets by panic selling and dramatic, abrupt price declines. The Bear markets are periods of declining stock market prices that are measured in months to years during late 2007 and early 2008. While crashes are often associated with bear markets, they do not necessarily go hand in hand. The crash of 1987 for example did not lead to a bear market. In the same way, the example is Japanese Nikkei bear market of the 1990s occurred over several years without any notable crashes. Boom and collapse of the shadow banking system The significant and key blame for the freezing of credit markets on a run on the entities in the parallel banking system. It also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, risky assets and illiquid. It means that disruptions in credit markets would make them in order to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices during the crisis. The experts described the significance of these entities: In early 2007, asset-backed commercial paper conduits, in auction-rate preferred securities, in structured investment vehicles, tender option bonds and variable rate demand notes, had a combined asset size of roughly $2.3 trillion. The Assets financed overnight in third party repo grew to $2.5 trillion. Assets held in hedge funds grew to roughly $1.8 trillion. The combined balance sheets of the five major investment banks which are totaled $4 trillion. The comparison with, the total assets of the top five bank holding companies in the U.S at that point were just over $6 trillion. So the total assets of the entire banking system were about $10 trillion. The experts stated that the combined effect of these factors was a financial system vulnerable to self-reinforcing asset price and credit cycles during decade. Mortgage compensation model, executive pay and bonuses cause In the booming period, enormous fees were paid to those throughout the mortgage supply chain. Which are from the mortgage broker selling the loans, to small banks that funded the brokers, then the giant investment banks behind lenders? During the period whichever originating loans were paid fees for selling them irrespective of how the loans performed. Finally the default or credit risk was passed from mortgage originators to investors using various types of financial innovation with ingenuity process. This final result came to known as the originate to distribute model, as opposed to the traditional model where the bank originating the mortgage retained the credit risk of the system. In effect, finally the mortgage originators had no skin in the game, by giving rise to moral hazard, in which behavior and consequence were separated from the model. Regulation and Deregulation cause The critics have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep directly with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, off-balance sheet financing and derivatives. In other ways the cases, laws were changed or enforcement weakened in parts of the financial systems. Finally several critics have argued that the most critical role for regulation is to make sure that financial institutions have the ability or capital to deliver on their commitments. Main Global Financial Crisis Root Cause Workflow

The Health Belief Model Of Health - 1583 Words

Throughout the history of health education, many theories have been developed to explain, predict, and change health behaviors. These psychosocial theories are created to further understand why people choose certain actions that affect their health, in either a negative or positive way. One specific method, which generated from the psychological and behavioral theory, is the Health Belief Model. The health belief model is one of the most widely used theories of health behavior, and was developed to investigate why people fail to undertake preventive health measures (Orji, Vassileva, Mandryk, 2012). By using the health belief model, researchers and health practitioners can recognize the reasons behind why people fail to implement disease prevention strategies. However, the effectiveness of this model has its limitations. Even though the original health belief model has been proven to be successful, it has become obsolete. Due to the evolving knowledge in the field of health care and health education, there has been specific modifications and revisions made to the original health belief model. In return, a new extended model has been applied to perceive greater reliability outcomes for researchers and health care professionals. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was initially developed in the 1950s by social scientists at the U.S. Public Health Service in order to understand the widespread failure of people to participate in disease prevention and detection strategies (Glanz,Show MoreRelatedHealth Belief Model1640 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantages and disadvantages of the Health Belief Model in explaining Health-related behaviour. Although the importance of preventive health cares, many people do not behave in a manner that will look after their own health. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one relevant theory that claims to predict or control health behaviour .HBM was developed by researchers at US Public Health Service in 1974. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model has continued to be the focus ofRead MoreVaccinations : Health Belief Model1358 Words   |  6 PagesVaccinations Health Belief Model Mackenzie Butcher To get vaccinated or to not get vaccinated is a very important issue that is now back on the rise. The target group for this paper would be young mothers and college aged adults. The purpose of this paper is to describe and demonstrate how the Health Belief model can be used to teach a person the importance of vaccinating themselves and their children. As a new, young parent many people do not know the benefits of vaccines and they don’t understandRead MoreThe Health Belief Model ( Hbm ) Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesdeadly in children. However, it can be prevented with proper vaccination. This problem can be addressed with the Health Belief Model (HBM), which encourages preventive health actions in order to prevent unwanted adverse conditions, with the idea that action depends on the value and expectancy of the behavior. The HBM attempts to explain and predict behaviors by focusing on attitudes and beliefs of individuals that are represented by six distinct constructs. These constructs include, perceived susceptibilityRead MoreUsing The Health Belief Model849 Words   |  4 PagesUsing the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices? Behavior change refers to alteration, makeover or adjustment of human attitudes, manners and conduct. Behavior change is also an extensive sort of actions and methods that concentration on the individuals, publics, and environmental impacts. It could be temporary or permanent changes. Behavior modification is very crucial and essentialRead MoreThe Health Belief Model ( Hbm )968 Words   |  4 PagesThere are six Constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM), a psychological modal that assists on the prediction of health behaviors such as â€Å"why people will take action to prevent, to screen for, or to control illness conditions† (Glanz, Rimer, Viswanath, 2008). The first construct of the HBA is Perceived Susceptibility, which is the idea or belief that a person thinks that they can’t get a certain illness or have a problem, they often will not take account to prevent it. Second, Perceived SeverityRead MoreHealth Belief Models Essay2271 Words   |  10 PagesHealth B elief Model (HBM) The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The HBM was developed in the 1950s as part of an effort by social psychologists in the United States Public Health Service to explain the lack of public participation in health screening and prevention programs (e.g., a free and conveniently located tuberculosis screening project). Since then, the HBMRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Essay1844 Words   |  8 PagesThe Health Belief Model (HBM) of health behaviour change was originally developed in the 1950s in order to understand and explain why vaccination and screening programs being implemented at the time were not meeting with success (Edberg 2007). It was later extended to account for preventive health actions and illness behaviours (Roden 2004). Succinctly, it suggests that behaviour change is influenced by an individuals’ assessment of the benefits and achievability of the change versus the cost ofRead MoreHealth Belief Model - Health Promotion Model - Obesity in Adolescents1192 Words   |  5 PagesHelp Belief Model (HBM) - - Hochbaum, Rosenstock, Kegals (1950) ï ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ CONCEPT DEFINITION APPLICATION Perceived Susceptibility One’s opinion of chances of getting a condition Teenager’s who were deemed overweight or obese would more than likely be only too aware of the Social and Psychological aspects and not the ramifications of their morbidity rate lowing by their condition and the ensuing health problems in later life. The data and facts above speak for themselves and provisionRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Is Used For Health Promotion And Health Education738 Words   |  3 PagesThe Health Belief Model is commonly used for health promotion and health education. Its’ underlying concept is that health behavior is explained by perception of the disease and the strategies available to lower its occurrence. There are four perceptions of the HBM, which are perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. In addition to that, more constructs are added to health belief model that includes motivating factor, cues to action and self-efficacyRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Of The United States1367 Words   |  6 Pages 3. Overview of the Health Belief Model The Health Belief model is a psychological construct that is used to predict health behavior (see Figure 1). The two components of the model that are used to predict behavior are the perception of the threat and the perception of the benefits and barriers to taking action to reduce the threat. The perception of the threat is composed of two elements: the perception of seriousness of the threat and the perception of the susceptibility to the threat (Sharafkhani

What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems Free Essays

Cost Accounting Reporting System deals with the process of tracking, measuring, recording and classifying the appropriate allocation of expenditure (financial and non-financial) for the determination of the cost of product or service in an organization and for the presentation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management (Horngren et al, 2010). Costs are measured in terms of Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead/Absorbed Costs. Managers use cost accounting to support decision making to reduce a company’s costs of products and services and improve its profitability. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Management Accounting Reporting System is concerned with the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of financial and non- financial information used by managers to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources to managers within organizations, to provide them with the basis in making informed business decisions that would allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions thereby enhancing both customer and shareholder value (CIMA, 2010). Unlike financial accounting information, management accounting information is used within an organization typically for decision-making in varied areas like product design, production,marketing, and performance management. Management accounting systems also do not have to follow set principles and rules and is usually confidential and its access available only to a select few. Cost Accounting operates within the parameters of Management Accounting. As businesses became more complex and diversified, a more comprehensive reporting system was needed in order to help management make decisions. Modern cost accounting systems take the perspective that collecting cost information is a function of the management decisions being made. Thus it can be safely understood that Management Accounting evolved from Cost Accounting. Hence, the distinction between management accounting and cost accounting is not so well-defined and the terms are used interchangeably (Horngren et al, 2010). Management Accounting principles are also used in other accounting related functions such as Long Term Planning (LTP), budgeting and forecasting revenue and profit planning. Again, cost accounting data is used as an integral part of the process. Management Accounting Reporting Systems: Necessity Role Value creation is the fundamental focal point for the managers in an organisation across diverse sectors (Smith, 2010). Value creation refers to both customer and shareholders. Creating customer value has been a key concern for the organizations but only in recent years have the managers come to recognize the importance of understanding the customer value – the value that a customer places on particular features of a product and satisfying customers is critical to achieving increased sales and market share and therefore to achieve the shareholder value (Smith, 2010). Shareholder value is also a key focus area for the managers and involves improving the net worth of the business for the shareholders/owners of the company. From a shareholders’/owners’ perspective, parameters like increased profits, share value and dividends are extremely important and management is charged with the responsibility of delivering on all the parameters. To enhance customer or shareholder value, managers need to understand what drives value. They have to make decisions and invest resources in the activities or aspects of their business that lead to improvements in customer and shareholder values. The effective and efficient use of resources is essential to creating value to customers and shareholders; and Management Accounting Reporting System provides the much needed critical information to assist managers to perform this role (Smith, 2010). Management Accounting System supports the organisation’s planning and implementation of strategy. The strategic planning of an organisation specifies the direction (type of businesses and markets to enter and how to compete in the market) that the organisation intends to take over the long-term to meet its objectives. Strategic planning draws on a wide range of management accounting information from costing, budgeting, performance measurement systems, as well as information from analytical studies, both external and internal to the organisation (Smith, 2010). The implementation of the strategy requires management accounting system link the long term plans to the budgeting system, to produce annual budgets that supports the2 organisation’s strategies. Performance Measurement Systems which forms a part of the management accounting system can be used to compare actual outcomes to budgets and other targets that focus on the organisation’s trategic objectives (Smith, 2010). With cut-throat competition in the market-place, well managed organisations focus their objectives and strategies on building and maintaining sources of competitive advantage. Thus Management Accounting Systems contributes to improving the organisation’s competitive advantage in terms of quality, delivery time, flexibility, innovation and cost through modern process improvement and cost management techniques. It also provides information to help manage resources, through systems for planning (e. g. budgets) and control (e. g. performance measures). Furthermore, Management Accounting System also provides estimates of the costs of the organisation’s output – goods and services, to support both the strategic and operational decision needs of managers. Cost Accounting Reporting System on a standalone basis helps the organisation in ascertaining the cost of the product, job or services. The reporting system provides detailed information about the composition of total cost for determining the selling price of the product or service under different conditions. Fully developed cost accounting system provides ready information regarding stock of raw material, work-in-progress and finished goods and also facilitates in the preparation of financial and other statements at such intervals as desired by the management. Cost accounting reporting system also helps in measuring and further increasing the efficiency of the organization (Horngren et al, 2010). This process involves a study of the processes and procedures used in manufacturing or providing goods or services to measure the efficiency of the organisation or departments and devising means of increasing the efficiency. Thus, the cost accounting information becomes the basis of formulating forward-looking operative policies. The Cost accounting information is also used to control and reduce cost and hence increasing the profits thereby increasing the customer and shareholder value (Smith, 2010). The techniques that are used for controlling cost are budgetary control and standard costing methods. The cost accounting information makes possible for the management to distinguish between profitable and unprofitable operations. Concentrating on profitable operations and eliminating non-profitable ones can maximize profit. This information also helps in eliminating wasteful expenditure of resources at various levels and will help the management in forming future course of action. Compared to other supportive reporting systems like Financial Accounting System, which provides information about the financial position and past performance of an organization on an annual or quarterly basis to investors, banks, regulators and other outside parties, Cost and Management Accounting Systems can provide information on a short and long term basis which can be past, present and future oriented and can satisfy the short and long term decision making needs of the management towards fulfilling the organizational goals (Horngren et al, 2010). The factors that contribute towards fulfilling the organizational goal of increasing profits and shareholder wealth like information for planning and controlling operations, estimates of cost of producing goods and services efficiently; and information for measuring performance can also be provided by Management Accounting Systems. Financial Accounting Reports has to follow very strict guidelines and protocol in its compilation and final presentation form. These norms and guidelines are internationally accepted and implemented while Management Accounting reports are for internal use of management for decision making and may not be completely objective and verifiable but is relevant to the issue at hand (Horngren et al, 2010). Moreover, Financial Accounting reports on the business or company in its entirety, i. e. Financial Accounting reports show the overall picture of a businesses financial position for a certain reporting period and are not concerned with any particular department of the organisation while Management Accounting reports’ primary emphasis is on segment reporting (Smith, 2010). It deals with the various segments like product lines, departments or any other categorization of the company’s activities that management finds useful and is not governed by generally accepted accounting principles. Conclusion In a nutshell, there is a tremendous necessity for management and cost accounting reporting systems in an organisation, not only for achieving the predetermined goals and remain profitable, but also to create value to both customers and shareholders. Since the complexities of running an organisation has increased due to complicated market systems and increased competition, there is a need for the management accounting reporting system to be brought under a common control framework for the effective function of the system and helping the organisation to proactively reduce cost and bring profitability. How to cite What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems, Essay examples

Free Sample Assignment on the society of clinical oncology practice

Question: Discuss about the Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice. Answer: Introduction: Infants younger than 16 years were qualified on the off chance that they were conceded or being set up for admission to a taking an interest pediatric emergency unit were relied upon to require a focal venous catheter for at least 3 days (Jaffray, Bauman Massicotte, 2017). Youngsters were arbitrarily doled out (1:1:1) to get a focal venous catheter impregnated with anti-infection agents, a focal venous catheter impregnated with heparin, or a standard focal venous catheter with PC created randomization in three and six pieces, stratified by strategy for assent, site, and cover stockpiling area inside the area (Harron et al., 2016). The clinician in charge of embeddings the focal venous catheter was not veiled to allotment, but rather designation was disguised from patients, their near and dear ones, and the peditric emergency unit in charge of their heed. The essential result was an ideal opportunity to first circulatory system contamination between 48 hour after randomization and 48 hour after main venous catheter expulsion with impregnated (anti-infection or heparin) versus usual focal venous catheters, evaluated in the expectation to-treat populace (Millar et al., 2016). Security investigations analyzed focal venous catheter-associated unfriendly occasions in the detachment of children for whom focal venous catheter addition was endeavored (per-convention populace). 502 children got central venous catheters, out of those, 486 to got anti-microbial impregnated catheters and 497 to got heparin-impregnated catheters. Circulatory system disease happened in 18 (4%) of the same in the regular catheters gather, 7 (1%) in the anti-infection impregnated gathering, and 17 (3%) appointed to heparin-impregnated catheters. Essential examinations demonstrated no impact of impregnated (anti-microbial or heparin) catheters contrasted and standard focal venous catheters (danger proportion [HR] for time to first circulation system disease 071, 95% CI 037134). Optional examinations demonstrated that anti-toxin focal venous catheters are superior to general focal venous catheters and heparin focal venous catheters; however heparin did not contrast from standard focal venous catheters. Clinically imperative and factually huge total hazard contrasts were recognized just for anti-toxin impregnated catheters versus standard and anti-infection impregnated catheters vers us heparin-impregnated catheters. Nine youngsters (2%) in the general focal venous catheter gather, 14 (3%) in the anti-infection impregnated gathering, and 8 (2%) in the heparin-impregnated amass had catheter-associated unfavorable occasions. 45 (8%) in the standard gathering, 35 (8%) anti-microbial impregnated gathering, and 29 (6%) in the heparin-impregnated bunch threw out the bucket amid the review. For assessing the multi vitamins as well as cardiovascular disease the randomized trial on beta carotene, multivitamins as well as for vitamin E and C is conducted and their effect in preventing from cancer, eye disease as well as vascular disease. A randomized, twofold outwardly hindered, fake treatment regulated trial enrolling 15,000 willing and qualified specialists developed 55 years and more prepared. PHS II will utilize a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for testing substitute day beta-carotene, exchange day vitamin E, consistently vitamin C, and a step by step multivitamin, in the shirking of total and prostate development, CVD, and the age-related eye sicknesses, waterfall and macular degeneration. Prior RESULTS: The last delayed consequences of the starting late completed Physicians' Health Study I (PHS I), a randomized, twofold outwardly weakened, fake treatment controlled trial in 22,071 strong US male specialists, exhibited that beta-carotene supplementation (50 mg on substitute days) had no basic preferred standpoint or harm on tumor or CVD in the midst of more than 12 years of treatment and improvement. As to development, there were possible points of interest on total and prostate tumor in those with low stan dard levels doled out to beta-carotene, a discovering decent with the Chinese Cancer Prevention Study for joined treatment with beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium in deficiently upheld masses. Encourage, concerning CVD, there were clear focal points of beta-carotene supplementation on coming about vascular events among a little subgroup of 333 men with prior angina or revascularization (Lorente et al., 2013). The starting at now open data from randomized trials of fundamental reckoning are lacking and clashing for vitamin E and non-existent for vitamin C and multivitamins. For eye diseases, specifically waterfall and age-related macular degeneration, there are zero completed unlimited scale random trials of growth counteractive action specialist vitamins. PHS II is uncommon in a couple respects. PHS II is the main basic foresight examination in obviously strong males testing the conformation on points of interest and threats of vitamin E regarding harm and CVD. Additionally, PHS II is the fundamental basic neutralizing activity trial in obviously strong men to test the modify of points of interest and threats of vitamin C, multivitamins, and also any particular cell fortification vitamin, alone and in blend, on tumor, CVD, and eye ailments. Finally, PHS II is the principle trial testing from the prior the hypotheses that beta-carotene and vitamin E may diminish the risks of prostate tumor (Gilbert et al., 2016). Thusly, PHS II will incorporate striking and what's more basically huge and corresponding information to the totality of affirmation from other accomplished and persistent broad scale randomized trials on the alter of focal points and hazards of beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and multivitamins single-handedly and in mix on shirking of tumor, CVD and eye problems (Freidmann et al., 2016). Reference List Friedman, B. C., Mian, M. A., Mullins, R. F., Hassan, Z., Shaver, J. R., Johnston, K. K. (2015). Five-Lumen Antibiotic-Impregnated Femoral Central Venous Catheters in Severely Burned Patients: An Investigation of Device Utility and Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Rates.Journal of Burn Care Research,36(4), 493-499. Gilbert, R. E., Mok, Q., Dwan, K., Harron, K., Moitt, T., Millar, M., ... CATCH trial investigators. (2016). Impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of bloodstream infection in children (the CATCH trial): a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet,387(10029), 1732-1742. Gilbert, R. E., Mok, Q., Millar, M., Blundell, M. (2016). Antibiotic-impregnated catheters for prevention of bloodstream infectionAuthors reply.The Lancet,388(10057), 2235-2236. Harron, K., Mok, Q., Dwan, K., Ridyard, C. H., Moitt, T., Millar, M., ... Gamble, C. (2016). CATheter Infections in CHildren (CATCH): a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation comparing impregnated and standard central venous catheters in children. Jaffray, J., Bauman, M., Massicotte, P. (2017). The impact of Central venous Catheters on Pediatric venous Thromboembolism.Frontiers in Pediatrics,5. Lorente, L., Lecuona, M., Jimnez, A., Lorenzo, L., Diosdado, S., Marca, L., Mora, M. L. (2014). Cost/benefit analysis of chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-impregnated venous catheters for femoral access.American journal of infection control,42(10), 1130-1132. Millar, M., Mok, Q., Harron, K., Gilbert, R. (2016). Preventing bloodstream infection in children: What's the CATCH?Authors' reply.The Lancet,388(10043), 463. Schiffer, C. A., Mangu, P. B., Wade, J. C., Camp-Sorrell, D., Cope, D. G., El-Rayes, B. F., ... Levine, M. (2013). Central venous catheter care for the patient with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.Journal of Clinical Oncology,31(10), 1357-1370.