Global Financial Crisis Causes Housing Market Cause Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1328 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Between 1997 and 2006, the price of a typical house increased by 122%. During the two decades ending in 2002, the national median home price ranged from 2.5 to 3.2 times median household income and the proportional ratio is 4.2 in 2004 and 4.4 in 2006. This housing bubble result moved in quite a few homeowners refinancing their homes at lower interest rates, or financing consumer spending by taking out second mortgages secured by the price appreciation. In the year 2006 last quarter the average housing prices by September 2008 had declined by 20% over in peak time. Easy credit, and a belief that house prices would continue to appreciate, had encouraged many subprime borrowers to obtain adjustable-rate mortgages and these mortgages enticed borrowers with a below market interest rate for some predetermined period, followed by market interest rates for the remainder of the mortgages term. These Borrowers could not make the higher payments once the initial grace period ended would try to refinance their mortgages. Refinancing became more difficult, once house prices began to decline in many parts of the developed and developing countries. Borrowers who found themselves unable to escape higher monthly payments by refinancing began to default. In the year 2007, lenders had begun foreclosure proceedings on nearly 1.3 million properties, a 79% increase till 2006. This increased to 2.2 million in 2008, an 82% increase vs. 2007. By the month July 2008, 9.2% of all mortgages outstanding were either delinquent or in foreclosure. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Financial Crisis Causes Housing Market Cause Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Risk-taking behavior cause The key theme of the crisis is that many large financial institutions did not have a sufficient financial cushion to support the commitments made to others or absorb the losses they sustained. Using technical terms, these firms were highly leveraged (i.e., they maintained a high ratio of debt to equity) or had insufficient capital to post as collateral for their borrowing. A key to a stable financial system is that firms have the financial capacity to support their commitments. The Economists are argued: The major critical role for regulation is to ensure that the sellers of risk have the capital to support their bets. The Risk-taking behavior includes Home equity extraction, Consumer and household borrowing, Housing speculation and corporate risk-taking and leverage factors Pro-cyclical human nature. Financial market factors cause During a period August 2007 of strong global growth, growing capital flows, and prolonged stability earlier this decade, market participants sought higher yields without an adequate appreciation of the risks and failed to exercise proper due diligence. At the same time, weak underwriting standards, unsound risk management practices, consequent excessive leverage combined to create vulnerabilities in the system. Policy-makers, regulators, increasingly complex and opaque financial products, and supervisors, in some advanced countries, did not adequately appreciate and address the risks building up in financial markets, or take into account the systemic ramifications of domestic regulatory actions keep pace with financial innovation. Macroeconomic conditions Interest rates contributed to an increase in one year and five year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may set asset prices high generally move inversely to interest rates also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble and it became riskier to speculate in housing Trade deficits created demand for various types of raising the prices of those assets while lowering interest rates, financial assets. International investors had these funds to lend, either because they had very high personal savings rates (as high as 40% in China), or because of high oil prices. These referred to as a flood or saving glut of funds (capital or liquidity) reached the financial markets. Stock market crash cause One of the key area stock market crashes is a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market which is the major factor trade investors. Crashes are driven by panic and also as much as by underlying economic factors. They often follow speculative stock market bubbles in the real business factor. Stock market crashes was in fact social phenomena where external economic events combined and also with crowd behavior and psychology in a positive feedback loop where selling by some market participants drives more market participants to sell in loss. In general speaking, crashes usually occur under the conditions of prolonged period of rising stock prices and excessive in economic optimism. The P/E ratios exceed long-term averages in market and extensive use of leverage and margin debt by market participants. There is no numerically specific definition of a crash but the term commonly applies to steep double-digit percentage losses in a stock market index over a period of several days and carried it to more than a year. In general crashes are often distinguished from bear markets by panic selling and dramatic, abrupt price declines. The Bear markets are periods of declining stock market prices that are measured in months to years during late 2007 and early 2008. While crashes are often associated with bear markets, they do not necessarily go hand in hand. The crash of 1987 for example did not lead to a bear market. In the same way, the example is Japanese Nikkei bear market of the 1990s occurred over several years without any notable crashes. Boom and collapse of the shadow banking system The significant and key blame for the freezing of credit markets on a run on the entities in the parallel banking system. It also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, risky assets and illiquid. It means that disruptions in credit markets would make them in order to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices during the crisis. The experts described the significance of these entities: In early 2007, asset-backed commercial paper conduits, in auction-rate preferred securities, in structured investment vehicles, tender option bonds and variable rate demand notes, had a combined asset size of roughly $2.3 trillion. The Assets financed overnight in third party repo grew to $2.5 trillion. Assets held in hedge funds grew to roughly $1.8 trillion. The combined balance sheets of the five major investment banks which are totaled $4 trillion. The comparison with, the total assets of the top five bank holding companies in the U.S at that point were just over $6 trillion. So the total assets of the entire banking system were about $10 trillion. The experts stated that the combined effect of these factors was a financial system vulnerable to self-reinforcing asset price and credit cycles during decade. Mortgage compensation model, executive pay and bonuses cause In the booming period, enormous fees were paid to those throughout the mortgage supply chain. Which are from the mortgage broker selling the loans, to small banks that funded the brokers, then the giant investment banks behind lenders? During the period whichever originating loans were paid fees for selling them irrespective of how the loans performed. Finally the default or credit risk was passed from mortgage originators to investors using various types of financial innovation with ingenuity process. This final result came to known as the originate to distribute model, as opposed to the traditional model where the bank originating the mortgage retained the credit risk of the system. In effect, finally the mortgage originators had no skin in the game, by giving rise to moral hazard, in which behavior and consequence were separated from the model. Regulation and Deregulation cause The critics have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep directly with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, off-balance sheet financing and derivatives. In other ways the cases, laws were changed or enforcement weakened in parts of the financial systems. Finally several critics have argued that the most critical role for regulation is to make sure that financial institutions have the ability or capital to deliver on their commitments. Main Global Financial Crisis Root Cause Workflow

The Health Belief Model Of Health - 1583 Words

Throughout the history of health education, many theories have been developed to explain, predict, and change health behaviors. These psychosocial theories are created to further understand why people choose certain actions that affect their health, in either a negative or positive way. One specific method, which generated from the psychological and behavioral theory, is the Health Belief Model. The health belief model is one of the most widely used theories of health behavior, and was developed to investigate why people fail to undertake preventive health measures (Orji, Vassileva, Mandryk, 2012). By using the health belief model, researchers and health practitioners can recognize the reasons behind why people fail to implement disease prevention strategies. However, the effectiveness of this model has its limitations. Even though the original health belief model has been proven to be successful, it has become obsolete. Due to the evolving knowledge in the field of health care and health education, there has been specific modifications and revisions made to the original health belief model. In return, a new extended model has been applied to perceive greater reliability outcomes for researchers and health care professionals. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was initially developed in the 1950s by social scientists at the U.S. Public Health Service in order to understand the widespread failure of people to participate in disease prevention and detection strategies (Glanz,Show MoreRelatedHealth Belief Model1640 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantages and disadvantages of the Health Belief Model in explaining Health-related behaviour. Although the importance of preventive health cares, many people do not behave in a manner that will look after their own health. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one relevant theory that claims to predict or control health behaviour .HBM was developed by researchers at US Public Health Service in 1974. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model has continued to be the focus ofRead MoreVaccinations : Health Belief Model1358 Words   |  6 PagesVaccinations Health Belief Model Mackenzie Butcher To get vaccinated or to not get vaccinated is a very important issue that is now back on the rise. The target group for this paper would be young mothers and college aged adults. The purpose of this paper is to describe and demonstrate how the Health Belief model can be used to teach a person the importance of vaccinating themselves and their children. As a new, young parent many people do not know the benefits of vaccines and they don’t understandRead MoreThe Health Belief Model ( Hbm ) Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesdeadly in children. However, it can be prevented with proper vaccination. This problem can be addressed with the Health Belief Model (HBM), which encourages preventive health actions in order to prevent unwanted adverse conditions, with the idea that action depends on the value and expectancy of the behavior. The HBM attempts to explain and predict behaviors by focusing on attitudes and beliefs of individuals that are represented by six distinct constructs. These constructs include, perceived susceptibilityRead MoreUsing The Health Belief Model849 Words   |  4 PagesUsing the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices? Behavior change refers to alteration, makeover or adjustment of human attitudes, manners and conduct. Behavior change is also an extensive sort of actions and methods that concentration on the individuals, publics, and environmental impacts. It could be temporary or permanent changes. Behavior modification is very crucial and essentialRead MoreThe Health Belief Model ( Hbm )968 Words   |  4 PagesThere are six Constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM), a psychological modal that assists on the prediction of health behaviors such as â€Å"why people will take action to prevent, to screen for, or to control illness conditions† (Glanz, Rimer, Viswanath, 2008). The first construct of the HBA is Perceived Susceptibility, which is the idea or belief that a person thinks that they can’t get a certain illness or have a problem, they often will not take account to prevent it. Second, Perceived SeverityRead MoreHealth Belief Models Essay2271 Words   |  10 PagesHealth B elief Model (HBM) The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. The HBM was developed in the 1950s as part of an effort by social psychologists in the United States Public Health Service to explain the lack of public participation in health screening and prevention programs (e.g., a free and conveniently located tuberculosis screening project). Since then, the HBMRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Essay1844 Words   |  8 PagesThe Health Belief Model (HBM) of health behaviour change was originally developed in the 1950s in order to understand and explain why vaccination and screening programs being implemented at the time were not meeting with success (Edberg 2007). It was later extended to account for preventive health actions and illness behaviours (Roden 2004). Succinctly, it suggests that behaviour change is influenced by an individuals’ assessment of the benefits and achievability of the change versus the cost ofRead MoreHealth Belief Model - Health Promotion Model - Obesity in Adolescents1192 Words   |  5 PagesHelp Belief Model (HBM) - - Hochbaum, Rosenstock, Kegals (1950) ï ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ CONCEPT DEFINITION APPLICATION Perceived Susceptibility One’s opinion of chances of getting a condition Teenager’s who were deemed overweight or obese would more than likely be only too aware of the Social and Psychological aspects and not the ramifications of their morbidity rate lowing by their condition and the ensuing health problems in later life. The data and facts above speak for themselves and provisionRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Is Used For Health Promotion And Health Education738 Words   |  3 PagesThe Health Belief Model is commonly used for health promotion and health education. Its’ underlying concept is that health behavior is explained by perception of the disease and the strategies available to lower its occurrence. There are four perceptions of the HBM, which are perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. In addition to that, more constructs are added to health belief model that includes motivating factor, cues to action and self-efficacyRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Of The United States1367 Words   |  6 Pages 3. Overview of the Health Belief Model The Health Belief model is a psychological construct that is used to predict health behavior (see Figure 1). The two components of the model that are used to predict behavior are the perception of the threat and the perception of the benefits and barriers to taking action to reduce the threat. The perception of the threat is composed of two elements: the perception of seriousness of the threat and the perception of the susceptibility to the threat (Sharafkhani

What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems Free Essays

Cost Accounting Reporting System deals with the process of tracking, measuring, recording and classifying the appropriate allocation of expenditure (financial and non-financial) for the determination of the cost of product or service in an organization and for the presentation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management (Horngren et al, 2010). Costs are measured in terms of Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead/Absorbed Costs. Managers use cost accounting to support decision making to reduce a company’s costs of products and services and improve its profitability. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Management Accounting Reporting System is concerned with the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of financial and non- financial information used by managers to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources to managers within organizations, to provide them with the basis in making informed business decisions that would allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions thereby enhancing both customer and shareholder value (CIMA, 2010). Unlike financial accounting information, management accounting information is used within an organization typically for decision-making in varied areas like product design, production,marketing, and performance management. Management accounting systems also do not have to follow set principles and rules and is usually confidential and its access available only to a select few. Cost Accounting operates within the parameters of Management Accounting. As businesses became more complex and diversified, a more comprehensive reporting system was needed in order to help management make decisions. Modern cost accounting systems take the perspective that collecting cost information is a function of the management decisions being made. Thus it can be safely understood that Management Accounting evolved from Cost Accounting. Hence, the distinction between management accounting and cost accounting is not so well-defined and the terms are used interchangeably (Horngren et al, 2010). Management Accounting principles are also used in other accounting related functions such as Long Term Planning (LTP), budgeting and forecasting revenue and profit planning. Again, cost accounting data is used as an integral part of the process. Management Accounting Reporting Systems: Necessity Role Value creation is the fundamental focal point for the managers in an organisation across diverse sectors (Smith, 2010). Value creation refers to both customer and shareholders. Creating customer value has been a key concern for the organizations but only in recent years have the managers come to recognize the importance of understanding the customer value – the value that a customer places on particular features of a product and satisfying customers is critical to achieving increased sales and market share and therefore to achieve the shareholder value (Smith, 2010). Shareholder value is also a key focus area for the managers and involves improving the net worth of the business for the shareholders/owners of the company. From a shareholders’/owners’ perspective, parameters like increased profits, share value and dividends are extremely important and management is charged with the responsibility of delivering on all the parameters. To enhance customer or shareholder value, managers need to understand what drives value. They have to make decisions and invest resources in the activities or aspects of their business that lead to improvements in customer and shareholder values. The effective and efficient use of resources is essential to creating value to customers and shareholders; and Management Accounting Reporting System provides the much needed critical information to assist managers to perform this role (Smith, 2010). Management Accounting System supports the organisation’s planning and implementation of strategy. The strategic planning of an organisation specifies the direction (type of businesses and markets to enter and how to compete in the market) that the organisation intends to take over the long-term to meet its objectives. Strategic planning draws on a wide range of management accounting information from costing, budgeting, performance measurement systems, as well as information from analytical studies, both external and internal to the organisation (Smith, 2010). The implementation of the strategy requires management accounting system link the long term plans to the budgeting system, to produce annual budgets that supports the2 organisation’s strategies. Performance Measurement Systems which forms a part of the management accounting system can be used to compare actual outcomes to budgets and other targets that focus on the organisation’s trategic objectives (Smith, 2010). With cut-throat competition in the market-place, well managed organisations focus their objectives and strategies on building and maintaining sources of competitive advantage. Thus Management Accounting Systems contributes to improving the organisation’s competitive advantage in terms of quality, delivery time, flexibility, innovation and cost through modern process improvement and cost management techniques. It also provides information to help manage resources, through systems for planning (e. g. budgets) and control (e. g. performance measures). Furthermore, Management Accounting System also provides estimates of the costs of the organisation’s output – goods and services, to support both the strategic and operational decision needs of managers. Cost Accounting Reporting System on a standalone basis helps the organisation in ascertaining the cost of the product, job or services. The reporting system provides detailed information about the composition of total cost for determining the selling price of the product or service under different conditions. Fully developed cost accounting system provides ready information regarding stock of raw material, work-in-progress and finished goods and also facilitates in the preparation of financial and other statements at such intervals as desired by the management. Cost accounting reporting system also helps in measuring and further increasing the efficiency of the organization (Horngren et al, 2010). This process involves a study of the processes and procedures used in manufacturing or providing goods or services to measure the efficiency of the organisation or departments and devising means of increasing the efficiency. Thus, the cost accounting information becomes the basis of formulating forward-looking operative policies. The Cost accounting information is also used to control and reduce cost and hence increasing the profits thereby increasing the customer and shareholder value (Smith, 2010). The techniques that are used for controlling cost are budgetary control and standard costing methods. The cost accounting information makes possible for the management to distinguish between profitable and unprofitable operations. Concentrating on profitable operations and eliminating non-profitable ones can maximize profit. This information also helps in eliminating wasteful expenditure of resources at various levels and will help the management in forming future course of action. Compared to other supportive reporting systems like Financial Accounting System, which provides information about the financial position and past performance of an organization on an annual or quarterly basis to investors, banks, regulators and other outside parties, Cost and Management Accounting Systems can provide information on a short and long term basis which can be past, present and future oriented and can satisfy the short and long term decision making needs of the management towards fulfilling the organizational goals (Horngren et al, 2010). The factors that contribute towards fulfilling the organizational goal of increasing profits and shareholder wealth like information for planning and controlling operations, estimates of cost of producing goods and services efficiently; and information for measuring performance can also be provided by Management Accounting Systems. Financial Accounting Reports has to follow very strict guidelines and protocol in its compilation and final presentation form. These norms and guidelines are internationally accepted and implemented while Management Accounting reports are for internal use of management for decision making and may not be completely objective and verifiable but is relevant to the issue at hand (Horngren et al, 2010). Moreover, Financial Accounting reports on the business or company in its entirety, i. e. Financial Accounting reports show the overall picture of a businesses financial position for a certain reporting period and are not concerned with any particular department of the organisation while Management Accounting reports’ primary emphasis is on segment reporting (Smith, 2010). It deals with the various segments like product lines, departments or any other categorization of the company’s activities that management finds useful and is not governed by generally accepted accounting principles. Conclusion In a nutshell, there is a tremendous necessity for management and cost accounting reporting systems in an organisation, not only for achieving the predetermined goals and remain profitable, but also to create value to both customers and shareholders. Since the complexities of running an organisation has increased due to complicated market systems and increased competition, there is a need for the management accounting reporting system to be brought under a common control framework for the effective function of the system and helping the organisation to proactively reduce cost and bring profitability. How to cite What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems, Essay examples

Free Sample Assignment on the society of clinical oncology practice

Question: Discuss about the Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice. Answer: Introduction: Infants younger than 16 years were qualified on the off chance that they were conceded or being set up for admission to a taking an interest pediatric emergency unit were relied upon to require a focal venous catheter for at least 3 days (Jaffray, Bauman Massicotte, 2017). Youngsters were arbitrarily doled out (1:1:1) to get a focal venous catheter impregnated with anti-infection agents, a focal venous catheter impregnated with heparin, or a standard focal venous catheter with PC created randomization in three and six pieces, stratified by strategy for assent, site, and cover stockpiling area inside the area (Harron et al., 2016). The clinician in charge of embeddings the focal venous catheter was not veiled to allotment, but rather designation was disguised from patients, their near and dear ones, and the peditric emergency unit in charge of their heed. The essential result was an ideal opportunity to first circulatory system contamination between 48 hour after randomization and 48 hour after main venous catheter expulsion with impregnated (anti-infection or heparin) versus usual focal venous catheters, evaluated in the expectation to-treat populace (Millar et al., 2016). Security investigations analyzed focal venous catheter-associated unfriendly occasions in the detachment of children for whom focal venous catheter addition was endeavored (per-convention populace). 502 children got central venous catheters, out of those, 486 to got anti-microbial impregnated catheters and 497 to got heparin-impregnated catheters. Circulatory system disease happened in 18 (4%) of the same in the regular catheters gather, 7 (1%) in the anti-infection impregnated gathering, and 17 (3%) appointed to heparin-impregnated catheters. Essential examinations demonstrated no impact of impregnated (anti-microbial or heparin) catheters contrasted and standard focal venous catheters (danger proportion [HR] for time to first circulation system disease 071, 95% CI 037134). Optional examinations demonstrated that anti-toxin focal venous catheters are superior to general focal venous catheters and heparin focal venous catheters; however heparin did not contrast from standard focal venous catheters. Clinically imperative and factually huge total hazard contrasts were recognized just for anti-toxin impregnated catheters versus standard and anti-infection impregnated catheters vers us heparin-impregnated catheters. Nine youngsters (2%) in the general focal venous catheter gather, 14 (3%) in the anti-infection impregnated gathering, and 8 (2%) in the heparin-impregnated amass had catheter-associated unfavorable occasions. 45 (8%) in the standard gathering, 35 (8%) anti-microbial impregnated gathering, and 29 (6%) in the heparin-impregnated bunch threw out the bucket amid the review. For assessing the multi vitamins as well as cardiovascular disease the randomized trial on beta carotene, multivitamins as well as for vitamin E and C is conducted and their effect in preventing from cancer, eye disease as well as vascular disease. A randomized, twofold outwardly hindered, fake treatment regulated trial enrolling 15,000 willing and qualified specialists developed 55 years and more prepared. PHS II will utilize a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for testing substitute day beta-carotene, exchange day vitamin E, consistently vitamin C, and a step by step multivitamin, in the shirking of total and prostate development, CVD, and the age-related eye sicknesses, waterfall and macular degeneration. Prior RESULTS: The last delayed consequences of the starting late completed Physicians' Health Study I (PHS I), a randomized, twofold outwardly weakened, fake treatment controlled trial in 22,071 strong US male specialists, exhibited that beta-carotene supplementation (50 mg on substitute days) had no basic preferred standpoint or harm on tumor or CVD in the midst of more than 12 years of treatment and improvement. As to development, there were possible points of interest on total and prostate tumor in those with low stan dard levels doled out to beta-carotene, a discovering decent with the Chinese Cancer Prevention Study for joined treatment with beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium in deficiently upheld masses. Encourage, concerning CVD, there were clear focal points of beta-carotene supplementation on coming about vascular events among a little subgroup of 333 men with prior angina or revascularization (Lorente et al., 2013). The starting at now open data from randomized trials of fundamental reckoning are lacking and clashing for vitamin E and non-existent for vitamin C and multivitamins. For eye diseases, specifically waterfall and age-related macular degeneration, there are zero completed unlimited scale random trials of growth counteractive action specialist vitamins. PHS II is uncommon in a couple respects. PHS II is the main basic foresight examination in obviously strong males testing the conformation on points of interest and threats of vitamin E regarding harm and CVD. Additionally, PHS II is the fundamental basic neutralizing activity trial in obviously strong men to test the modify of points of interest and threats of vitamin C, multivitamins, and also any particular cell fortification vitamin, alone and in blend, on tumor, CVD, and eye ailments. Finally, PHS II is the principle trial testing from the prior the hypotheses that beta-carotene and vitamin E may diminish the risks of prostate tumor (Gilbert et al., 2016). Thusly, PHS II will incorporate striking and what's more basically huge and corresponding information to the totality of affirmation from other accomplished and persistent broad scale randomized trials on the alter of focal points and hazards of beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and multivitamins single-handedly and in mix on shirking of tumor, CVD and eye problems (Freidmann et al., 2016). Reference List Friedman, B. C., Mian, M. A., Mullins, R. F., Hassan, Z., Shaver, J. R., Johnston, K. K. (2015). Five-Lumen Antibiotic-Impregnated Femoral Central Venous Catheters in Severely Burned Patients: An Investigation of Device Utility and Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Rates.Journal of Burn Care Research,36(4), 493-499. Gilbert, R. E., Mok, Q., Dwan, K., Harron, K., Moitt, T., Millar, M., ... CATCH trial investigators. (2016). Impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of bloodstream infection in children (the CATCH trial): a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet,387(10029), 1732-1742. Gilbert, R. E., Mok, Q., Millar, M., Blundell, M. (2016). Antibiotic-impregnated catheters for prevention of bloodstream infectionAuthors reply.The Lancet,388(10057), 2235-2236. Harron, K., Mok, Q., Dwan, K., Ridyard, C. H., Moitt, T., Millar, M., ... Gamble, C. (2016). CATheter Infections in CHildren (CATCH): a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation comparing impregnated and standard central venous catheters in children. Jaffray, J., Bauman, M., Massicotte, P. (2017). The impact of Central venous Catheters on Pediatric venous Thromboembolism.Frontiers in Pediatrics,5. Lorente, L., Lecuona, M., Jimnez, A., Lorenzo, L., Diosdado, S., Marca, L., Mora, M. L. (2014). Cost/benefit analysis of chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-impregnated venous catheters for femoral access.American journal of infection control,42(10), 1130-1132. Millar, M., Mok, Q., Harron, K., Gilbert, R. (2016). Preventing bloodstream infection in children: What's the CATCH?Authors' reply.The Lancet,388(10043), 463. Schiffer, C. A., Mangu, P. B., Wade, J. C., Camp-Sorrell, D., Cope, D. G., El-Rayes, B. F., ... Levine, M. (2013). Central venous catheter care for the patient with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.Journal of Clinical Oncology,31(10), 1357-1370.

Stand by Me Essay Example

Stand by Me Essay The film, Stand By Me shows the story of four young boys, Teddy, Gordy, Chris and Vern who go on a trip. The trip is to find the body of a boy who is their age who was hit by a train. The film takes place in the summer holidays between the end of junior school and the start of high school. It is set in a small-town in Oregon in the 1950s. The town is presented to us with the impressions of innocence yet it appears that the town is far from it. Children smoke and frequently swear, the complete opposite of the stereotypical view of the 1950s. The film looks to be set for young people varying in age from 12 to 16. Although if there was less or no swearing it would probably be fine for even younger viewers. Another reason why the film is attractive for viewers is the fact that it has a mixture of comedy, drama and action. The scene that I will be analysing is the Bridge Scene. This scene is a pivotal scene in the film as the bridge acts as a transition from childhood to teen life. It also shows the boys stop working as individuals and more as a unit. The scene shows how Vern and Gordy come very close to death. Earlier in the film the boys had a close encounter and it seems that in a way they are attracted to it. Earlier the boys were in a scrap yard waiting for Gordy to return from the convenience store. When he left, the other boys Chris, Teddy and Vern, were talking and when Chris returned they had gone out side the scrap yard. Gordy had to run from the owner of the yard and his dog as they chased him to the gate of the yard. He only just made it out without getting caught. However, this seems like a minor scrape when compared to the pivotal bridge scene. We will write a custom essay sample on Stand by Me specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stand by Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stand by Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As the boys begin to approach the bridge an atmosphere of happy, innocent naivety is created. The popular 50s hit Lollypop is playing and Vern and Teddy are singing along and dancing which makes the boys look very innocent. As they approach the bridge, the camera rises and the true size of it is revealed. As they start to cross the obstacle in front of them we get the impression that a train will arrive or something dangerous is going to happen. The director has cleverly used a wide array of camera shots varying from Extreme Long Shots to Low Angle Shots. When the scene starts there are a mixture of shots including Long Shots, Mid-Shots and Two-Shots. The sequences are longer here giving the impression of a problem free atmosphere. When the boys reach the bridge the camera is at waist height of the boys and slowly tracks up to just above their head height. From a point on the top of the valley sides Extreme Long Shot are taken and each shot seems to make the bridge look bigger and bigger. It also makes the boys look smaller and smaller. There is also another purpose for these shots in that they show the turquoise water and the green of the trees and shrubbery of the valley. When Vern drops the comb the director uses seemingly minor details to add to our sense of apprehension and his face is shown in a Close-Up, the camera then quickly changes to a shot through the eyes of Vern. As the comb falls the film is cleverly slowed down to make it seem like it is taking almost minutes to reach the water. This adds to the tension by showing if the worst came to the worst there would be no chance in jumping to the river below, as they would die. The drama really begins to build up when an Extreme Long Shot shows the smoke of the train. This shot shows the train through the eyes of Gordy. A Close Up of Gordy is shown in slow motion showing him shouting train and warning the others. This is clever as it shows the fraught danger multiply by the inclusion of a large black steam train. Once the train is made obvious to the audience another Extreme Long Shot is shown showing Gordy and Vern, who were quite far behind Teddy and Chris, only half way across the bridge with the train getting closer and closer to them. The camera is tracking Vern and when he falls it stops with him. When Vern gets to his feet again the camera shows a Long Shot with him at the front and the train behind him. The train looks closer than it actually is by using this type of shot. The director keeps switching between the Extreme Long Shot and the Long Shot. This prepares the audience for a disastrous event in the near future. When Gordy dives on Vern moving him out of the way of the train a Medium Long Shot is shown showing the train speed past. It provides a moment of relief after the extreme tension. Sound effects also play a part in creating the tension. In the wooded tunnel at the start of the scene the music of Lollipop is heard. As the boys turned the corner to the bridge music fades to silence. This adds the tension as the viewer has the impression that they dont know what is about to happen. As we see the boys looking over the bridge we can hear the natural noises like the wind and the nature around them. As they continue again we can only hear the wind and the creaking of the bridge. As the train appears around the corner the peaceful, tranquil, natural noises are ended by the loud horn of the train warning the boys to get off the bridge. As the train is revealed we can hear the screams and shouts of the boys but mainly the horn, the whistle of the steam and the loud pistons of the train. The effect that this has on the audience is to create a sense of impending doom symbolised by the huge black train. The sound effects play a vital role and are almost executed perfectly. As in the lighting the sound effects are very natural apart from the Lollypop at the start of the scene. The lighting in this scene appears very natural. There is only really one moment when additional lighting is obvious. This is when Gordy shouts train and his whole face is lit up and looks very pale. If he shouted this and there was no additional lighting there would be shadows around the eyes, below the nose and below the lips. When the boys are in the in the tree lined tunnel there are natural shadows. The natural light is also on show as the boys cross the bridge. As the train is behind the boys there is additional use of shadows on the boys to reinforce the image of black. Even colour plays a part in creating atmosphere. The colours in this scene cleverly mix between the natural colours and the black of the train. Around and before the bridge there is the brown of the bark and the green of the beautiful healthy looking leaves, plants and other shrubbery. On the bridge the natural look continues with the green and turquoise looking water. The metal, modern for the time, looking bridge blends in well with the landscape. As the train appears the natural beauty of the area begins to end. Usually trains billow white, cloud like smoke which is actually water vapour, yet in this scene the train appears to billow a dark shade of grey smoke which adds to the darkness of the train. The clothes that Vern and Gordy are wearing contrast the dark black of the impeding train. Again to add to the black of the scene the train looks to have been freshly painted black. This makes it look tougher and more scary. An accumulation of all these effects show near death in a be tter way than if the train was white for example. The director has shown great use of creating tension on the bridge scene. The main part of this scene is when the train is following Vern and Gordy. He or she does this well by filling the whole screen with the black. I think that the scene is very well put together and good usage of natural light and colours are used. Although it is not that noticeable if you are not specifically looking at this one scene. Yet if the director didnt use natural effects it probably would be noticeable.

Caged In essays

Caged In essays Caged In: Breaking Through the Walls of Oppression Held back, caged, strangled, deprived, and hurt. These words begin to describe the feelings that are stressed in Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. Women have made incredible progress since 1892 when Gilmans short story was written. Charlotte Perkins Gilman knew that women were desperate for gender equality. In The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator tries desperately to free an imaginary, imprisoned woman from that repellant, almost revolting wallpaper (Gilman 227). In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman uses personification to give the wallpaper a life of its own and to be an overbearing symbol of female oppression. Furthermore, to understand Gilmans goals, we must first try to understand her as a person. This story is not just something Gilman conjured up with a creative mind. This story is a semi-autobiographical account of what she went through as a bed-ridden wife and mother suffering from depression. At one point in the story Gilman referred to her own neurologist: John says if I dont pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall(Gilman 229). By the time Gilman was writing The Yellow Wallpaper, she had already been cured of her depression and began focusing her efforts on feminism since she believed the oppression of women was the cause for these mental illnesses. Moreover, Gilmans feminist beliefs had always bled through her writing, and The Yellow Wallpaper would hold true to this form. From the beginning of the story the narrator was introduced to the reader as a woman who was seemingly trapped in a room full of boredom and time due to her husbands treatment for her mental illness. She has been banned from any creative escape such as writing or painting. She consistently received child-like treatment from her husband John: "...

The Propper Sexual Relationship Between Members of the Hebrew Society Essay

The Propper Sexual Relationship Between Members of the Hebrew Society - Essay Example The Shulamite woman goes out into the city to look for her lover and it is not indicated anywhere that the two of them could be married. There is openness about sexual relations that are in the Song of Songs that seem to be forbidden in the Deuteronomy (International Version, 2011). First, in Deuteronomy, the man is given so much importance rather than the female. The female expresses her desires openly while this is almost forbidden in Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy advocates for sexual modesty. Deuteronomy 25;11-12 says that "if two men fight and a wife belonging to one party come to the rescue her beloved husband from the wrath of his assailant. She then reaches out and, unfortunately, seizes him by his private parts then her hand should be cut off and be shown no pity. In songs of songs, the stalagmite expresses her desires openly without any shame. The man is of more importance while sexual encounters in Deuterostome and the woman is considered as an object who must obey the man and do as he wishes without any regard for her feelings or desires. Avoiding mentioning the woman opinion is made. In the Song of Songs, however, the woman is very open about her feelings and might be considered very wild and probably unsuitable for marriage in the traditional Hebrew comm unity. The Shula mite goes in search of her lover when he disappears.

Strategic Rationale, Masters Objectivity and Self Analysis Essay

Strategic Rationale, Masters Objectivity and Self Analysis - Essay Example The influence came from the observation that without furthering my education, there wouldn’t be the ability to advance in any career field or set the pace for the desires which I had and the goals which were set into place for my future. The rationale and objectivity for studying the Masters Degree and positioning this into longer term strategies began with overall goals which I had toward a career field and the skills required for movement further forward in my desired area of knowledge. The main approach was to gain business knowledge that was associated with the degree and the associations which related to this. My long term goals were based on business development and moving forward within a career and workspace. There was an understanding that this couldn’t be done without the proper business knowledge. After beginning to study, the personal and career ambitions began to change with personal needs that required altering for my desired field. The personal and career ambitions that were developed were based on gaining business knowledge for a future career. The new expectations which I have are now based on advancing into managerial and high – end executive positions based on my own skills and desires. I believe that the success factors and career ambitions which I now hold are based on beginning to move into the practical applications of the knowledge which I have gained and to continue to practice each of the skills to advance within the career field. The more in which I can gain insight and practical applications to the knowledge from the Masters Degree, the easier it will be to move into the higher positions that are a part of the business field of my choice. Strategic Analysis of your Masters Abilities   The ability to perform with a future international business is one which is dependent on both personal and interpersonal skills. There are a variety of expectations that are a part of functioning with a multinational business, inc luding time management, organization, research, critical thinking, writing and communicating with others. Each of these skills alters the ability to work within different fields and allow an individual to propel forward with their career (Davies, 2011: 51). I found that, while I had the ability to have a strong personality and desire for a future with an international business, most of the basic skills were not allowing me to move forward with specific needs. The need to move into stronger communication and management skills is the main focus which I have found that I need to focus on. The academic and intellectual business knowledge that is combined with the personal Mastership objectives is based on furthering the skills which I did not have when beginning the Masters program. This concept moves into in – depth practices that I have learned, specifically with communication. The basis begins with writing skills that are associated with the academic knowledge needed. This com bines with skills that pertain to listening, responding appropriately and communicating in the proper manner. The interviewing and questioning that is associated with this combines with the ability to work in teams and to have better academic and intellectual understanding of organization and concepts such as IT skills. Developing these and continuing to practice with different needs

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Financial analysis and management - Assignment Example It has been observed that profitability ratios have been fluctuating for the airlines in recent years with major setback in the fiscal year 2011-12. However, both the airlines have experienced increase in their liquidity ratios in the fiscal year 2012-13 with Emirates showing higher rate of increase indicating that the companies are in a good financial position to pay off their short term and long term loans and obligations. From investment ratios it has been observed that British Airlines is in a better equity position than the Emirates. This means British Airlines is more efficient in utilizing shareholders’ equity for garnering profit making it more lucrative company for prospective shareholders. Aviation industry is concerned with manufacturing and flying of commercial aircrafts. This industry provides the most rapid transportation network connecting every country in this world. The contribution of aviation industry on international business and tourism is immense. Aviation industry provides employment opportunities on the line of many activities including aircraft maintenance and ground-based infrastructure. The industry plays a very prominent role in a country’s economic structure. As economic development has increased air transport demand across the world, the industry itself is considered as a catalyst of economic growth. Providing a network of transport between all countries, the aviation industry allows easy access to the global market thus enhancing productivity leading to growth of economy. Increased air travel between two countries can have a great positive impact on the GDP of both countries. For instance, growth in air service between Poland and UK since 2 003 has paved the way for long term GDP growth in Poland by US$634 million every year while UK has been benefited with annual GDP growth by US$45 million. Also, since increased connectivity

Production Capacity of Jersey Cows

Production Capacity of Jersey Cows The aim of this study to look up at production capacity of Jersey cows in Malaysia including environment factors effecting milk production Jersey cows. This study to estimated production capacity Jersey cows at state of Keratong, Muadzam, Pahang at longitude 103.4833 °T and latitude 2.8167 °U in closed house system with temperature 24 °C. The milk production of Jersey cows not only referring to genetic makeup but also another environment factors must be consider. The patent climate in Malaysia is hot and humid and Malaysia in tropical region because of this kind of climate the performance Jersey cows not equivalent as Jersey cows performance at temperate country. A good and practical farm management effluence performance of Jersey cows, if a good farm management practice not seriously consider it effect performance Jersey cows milk yield decreases or cannot reach as usual. Because of differences between Malaysia climate and temperate country resulting Jersey cows performance an d milk production. Data collecting from farm record which is Makmur Dairy Sdn Bhd under LKPP (Lembaga Kemajuan Perusahaan Pertanian) corporation. Data collecting including milk production milk yield, lacataion length, dry off period, animal identification and date of giving birth. In this study, research done in the area on milk production was reviewed. Constraints to increase production were summarized and proposals are made for the sustainable development of the dairy sector in Malaysia. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Malaysias Geography Malaysia in the south east part of Asia has a geographic coordinate that reads 2 ° 30 north latitude and 112 ° 30 east longitude. Malaysia country classified as hot and high humid climate and has tropical weather influenced by monsoonal climate because of its latitude and longitude. But the weather in general in Malaysia is without extremities. Monsoon comes twice a year, during the summer season and the other during winter. Summer monsoon brings lots of downpour in Malaysia. Winter monsoon does not cause that much rain and is generally dry. 1.2 Malaysia Self-Sufficiency In Malaysia agriculture history, Malaysia produce milk product at insufficient level and cannot supporting demand from consumer because this may attributed to poor production local dairy animals. The demand for milk from consumers increased each year. In last decade, Malaysia almost depends on milk importation from other countries to fulfill the demands from consumers, about 95% is imported. The statistics from the Department Veterinary of Services in year 2008 for milk product in Malaysia recorded 56.49 million liters of milk was produced in that year and the self-sufficiency in livestock recorded 4.89%. In year 2010, the government target output of milk is 65 million liters and at least 10% self-sufficiency. Malaysia Dairy Industries The cattle population in Malaysia home 900,000 cattle and the large population at northern state of Kelantan 141,502 of cattle and in the southern state of Johor 111,000 of cattle. From the total population only 4% are dairy cattle (DVS, 2008). The total dairy farmer in Malaysia categorize to three structure; smallholder, semi-commercial and commercial. Dairy farm at smallholder level in Malaysia is recorded 519 and has least than 30 number of breeder (DVS, 2008). Meanwhile, 32 semi-commercial dairy farm levels have recorded and have 30 to 50 numbers of breeders (DVS, 2008). The commercial level dairy farms were recorded 28 of them and have more than 50 numbers of breeders (DVS, 2008). Reported milk yield of Malaysia 2631.3 kg per year (DVS, 2008) compared from central of Thailand produced yield from Malaysia that is 3500 kg per year (Kasetsart J, 2009). 1.4 Fact of Jersey Cows The term production indicates something going to be produced or an output product. Meanwhile, capacity is describing the total amount of production at maximum or optimum level. Production capacity of Jersey cow can be measured from the total amount of milk yield. In dairy cattle, Jersey is one of the popular breeds. The origin Jersey cows are from the small British Island of Jersey in the English Channel. A Jersey also known as Alderney cattle at island of Jersey. The colour of Jersey varies, usually light gray to a dark fawn, being darker around the head and hips. Jerseys are noted for the highest milk fat of all dairy breeds. The body of Jersey is at medium ranking categories. An average weight excellent Jersey cows is around 408 to 544 kg. The milk yields of Jersey cow be able to categorize under intermediate milk producer can reach up to 13 times from their own body weight in milk. 1.5 Factor Affecting Production Capacity of Jersey Cows There are two major factors which can influence production of dairy cows, the main quantitative factor is genetics of the breed and the second qualitative factor is environmental. Under normal situations, milk production increasing during the first six week of lactation and then gradually decreases. Breed of cow effluence milk yield, in North America Holstein cow has the highest volume of milk production and total production 7073 kg per year and Jersey cows 4444 kg per year. A dry off period usually practices for two months to the next calving. Milk yield usually reduced when dry period is less than 40-60 days (25-40% less milk). Meanwhile, dry period longer than 60 days in length does not result in a significant increase in milk production. For effective management is accurate quantitative knowledge of factors affecting productive performance of animal (Bagnato and Oltenacu, 1994). The actual amount of milk production affected by several factors of parity, geographic region and mana gement factors. The environment factor is in terms of nutrition intake of cows in the feed ration. Stage of lactation and persistency can be determined by different stages of lactation phase. Management factors consider as feed and water supply the cows consume, insufficient water supply for few hours will result in a rapid drop in milk yield. Milking intervals practices at farm may result milk production. An unequal milking interval produces less milk than those milked at equal intervals. Milking frequency twice a day yields at 40% more milk than once a day. 1.6 Objectives Information on production capacity Jersey cows in Malaysia is still unpublished therefore the present of study was designated by following objective: To measure production capacity Jersey cows at state of Keratong, Muadzam, Pahang at longitude 103.4833 °T and latitude 2.8167 °U in closed house system with temperature 24 °C is . Study various environmental factors affecting performance of Jersey cows in Malaysia Adaptability of Jersey cows in Malaysia climate CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW A research regarding Jersey cows performance has been conducted in various part of the world. There are two major factor affecting milk productions in dairy cattle. First are quantitative factors referring to genetic of dairy breed and the second is qualitative factors referring to environmental factors such as nutrition, stage of lactation and persistency, milking practices, age and size of cow, dry period, estrous cycle and pregnancy, environment. An environmental factor has been stated are known to exert influence on the performance dairy cattle (Javed et al, 2000). A study of factors affecting milk yield in dairy cattle has conducted many people for many years and until now. For next paragraph is the review of studies regarding factors affecting milk yield from various part of the world. These reviews are indicated large differences in performance different of breed in different environment. These variations may be either due to breed, herd, location and environmental differences. 2.1 QUANTATIVE FACTORS 2.1.1 Genetics Differences of dairy breed may reflex on different of milk yield. Comparison between two breed dairy cattle Holstein and Jersey, Holstein has ability to produce more milk higher than Jersey breed. The review of literature revealed that lactation milk yield in Holstein cows can produce up to 5,902 kg and Jersey cows 3,797kg (Gacula et al, 1968). The fat contain in milk composition of Jersey cow is higher than Holstein cows also higher than others dairy breed. Fat percentage in milk composition of Jersey cows is 5.01% and Holstein 3.35% (Sharma et al, 1988). Jerseys had the highest fat content, followed by Guernseys, Brown Swiss, Ayrshires, and Holsteins (Gacula et al, 1968). 2.2 QUALITATIVE FACTORS 2.2.1 Nutrition A nutrient value content for dairy performance in dry matter intake is 89.5%, crude protein 16.6%, crude fiber 10.1%, energy expenditure 3.8%, ash 6.1%, nitrogen free extract 63.4%, total digestible nutrients 72.8%, metabolism energy 11.10%, calcium 0.77% and 0.66% of phosphorus (DVS, 2000). The recommended rates of concentrate feeding for lactating cows from department of veterinary services ministry of agriculture Malaysia suggest for uniformity a concentrate feeding is assumed to be a mixture of feed materials containing a minimum of 15% crude protein, 10.6 MJ/kg metabolize energy, 0.60% calcium, 0.4% phosphorus and 1.0% salt show at table 2.2.1, appendix. Knowledge of feed quality and intake, the extent of cows nutrient reserves that can be used to support milk production can now estimated (Alderman and Corttrill, 1993) Several nutritional factors can influence milk composition. These include plane of nutrition or underfeeding affect milk composition. Under feeding dairy cows can reduces lactose percentage and increasing milk fat percentage. Negative energy balance increasing milk fat Imbalance rations on animal feed (low energy and protein) resulting milk fat decrease and protein percentages (Petersen et al, 1986). Effects on ISO (isometric) on milk fat can probably explain by two factors. First, primiparous cows of high groups of lost substantial body weight during lactation induce negative energy balance and second factors high: moderate of groups produce less milk content higher milk fat because milk production and milk fat are negatively correlated (Pierre et al, 2003). As the proportion of the concentrate in ration increases above 50-60% milk fat percentage tends to decline. These conditions happen because of lower ruminal production of acetate and butyrate (function to synthesis milk fatty acid in mammary gland) associated with high concentration diets in feeding rations. A feeding system may effect on mammary gland health have been studies recently (Ouweltjes et al., 2007). Furthermore, there are interactions between breed and feeding system in dairy cattle may contributed mammary gland health status and milking characteristics (Ouweltjes et al., 2007). A grass feeding system and different level of concentrate offered to animals, (Turner et al., 2003; McCarthy et al., 2007) not effecting lactation stage and somatic cell count. A grazing system applied on dairy cattle (McCarthy et al., 2007), with high concentrate diet have influence average milk flow and milk duration. The extent of lactation period of milk depression is subjective by other feedi ng regime such as rate of feeding and feeding system. In wide-ranging, the impact of feeding high levels of concentrates on milk fat percentage will be less where total mix rations are fed and if feed is offered three or more times daily. There are about 30 nutrients essential for dairy cattle performance, maintenance, reproduction, growth, and lactation. The good quality of feedstuff in ration is to make sure the animal get enough supply for those 30 nutrients, lacking with nutrient in feed can corrected in giving additional supplement to animal. With intensive herd management, deficient nutrients such as those providing energy, protein, minerals or vitamins can be supplied by forage and supplements of adequate quality to produce acceptable gains in milk yield and weight gain (National Research Council, 1971; Bath  et al.,  1978; Ranjhan, 1981). Miller and Dickinson (1968) and Miller (1969) in their studies has found that management practices related to feeding, particularly amounts of concentrate, and reproductive efficiency (percentage days in milk) have the greatest value in predicting herd average milk production and are the most important characteristics common to higher producing herds. McCullough (1969), V erità © and Journet (1971), Ekern and Sundstol (1974), Ekern, Save and Vik-Mo (1975) and Wilkinson (1983) have also shown that intensive feeding of ensiled forages and hay, containing appropriate grain and protein requirements and fed free choice, increases and/or maintains milk production at a higher level by providing the opportunity for animals to be fed the conserved products with minimal loss of nutrients during periods of inadequate forage supplies. 2.2.2 Stage of Lactation and Persistency The animals become profitable when the animal can produce milk at maximum level of lifetime. An earlier selection of animals for their productivity should lead to maximum output in total lifetime (Murdia and Tripathi, 1993). Milk production increases with lactation number and is maximized in the fourth or the fifth lactation. According to Walsh et al, (2007) reported all breed reached average milk flow at week fifth to eight lactation, followed by a gradual decline until lowest point average milk flow at the end of lactation. This is result of the increasing development and size of the udder and the increasing body size over that of the first lactation dairy animal. The expected mature yield (mature equivalent) of primiparous cow calving at two years of age can be estimated by multiplying yield of first lactation by 1.3. Persistency of lactation refers to the ability of the cow to maintain production after peak milk yield; persistent cows consider when the cow tends to maintain their peak yield within a lactation period (Togashi and Lin, 2003; Kamidi, 2005). The cost of the production system can reduce if practice persistency of lactation these is associated with feeding and health costs, reproductive performance, resistance to diseases and the return from milk considering a 305 days production cycle (Solkner and Fuchs, 1987; Dekkers  et al., 1996, 1998). Persistent animals require less energy in early lactation, allowing greater utilization of cheap roughage (Solkner and Fuchs, 1987). All farmer desires their animal given profit in return, according to Dekkers et al. (1997) dairy cow with greater lactation persistency tend to be more profitable than average dairy cows when yield and lactation persistency are correlated, even though the differences are relatively small unless reproductive performan ce is very poor. Other studies however have identified a greater difference in production between once and twice daily herds during late lactation than in early lactation (Claesson et al., 1959), indicating that the persistency of cows milked once daily is less than that of cows milked twice daily. Muir et al. (2004) reported favorable relationships among lactation persistency and some measures of fertility and poor relationships with others (e.g., calving interval). Appuhamy et al. (2007, 2009) reported that diseases tend to significantly affect lactation persistency, rather than persistency affecting disease occurrence, and that there are undesirable genetic correlations among persistency of milk and fat yields and several metabolic diseases. Harder et al. (2006) also reported unfavorable genetic correlations among persistency and metabolic diseases. Lactation persistency as defined by Cole and Van- Raden (2006) is useful as a measure of the shape of the lactation curve independen t of 305-d yield. The results of Jamrozik et al. (1998) and van der Linde et al. (2000) suggest that lactation curves and persistency differ between lactations, and differences probably exist between early- and late-maturing breeds. This was confirmed by Cole et al. (2009), who estimated lactation curves for first and later parities in 6 breeds of dairy cattle and found that parameters describing the shapes of the curves can vary considerably. 2.2.3 Milking practices Milking Jersey cows three times daily results in an average increase. The increase in yield due to milking three times daily varies greatly with the producing ability of the animal on twice a day milking and is inversely proportional to such ability. High producing cows show a smaller increase in yield when milked three times daily than do cows with a lower inherited producing ability. Milking heifers three times daily on test results in a slightly greater development than when the initial records are made on twice a day milking of approximately 19 per cent in butterfat and 21 per cent in milk yield. In addition, positive correlations have been reported between milk yield and MD (Petersen et al, 1986; Weiss et al., 2004). Similarly, results from this study indicate positive correlations for milk yield with average milk flow and milk duration suggest that these correlations differ depending on breed. 2.2.4 Dry period Dry period is non-lactating days between lactations. This non lactation time is generally a 5 to 6 weeks rest period before freshening. The duration of dairy cattle stop from lactating. This duration is needed for regression of mammary gland. During this period, mammary gland starts to repair or develop back imbalance tissues to normal. To induce this process of repairing a special treatment is applied to cow called dry cows therapy. The dry cows therapy is a treatment for controlling bovine mastitis from intact to mammary gland. Usually the recommended dry period practices for about 45-50 days. A practices dry period is less than 40 days, can effect on decreasing of next lactation (Swanson 1965; Coppock et al. 1974; Dias and Allaire, 1982). According to Capuco et al. (1997) the cows given 60 days dry period can increasing mammary DNA synthesis begin occurring about 2.2.6 Calving Interval and Parity Breeding efficiency can be measured by looking to calving interval and age at first calving, although they are not the only measures of herd performance. Speicher and Meadows (1967) have suggested the correct calving interval is 12 months (365 days), the longer calving interval more than 12 months can lose the profit in overdue of feed cost. McDowell (1971) considers the following factors adequate for successful dairying: a calving interval between lactations of less than 450 days; an excess of 200 days in lactation; less than 30 percent female mortality; and proper management. According to Murdia and Tripathi, 1993 a good calving interval for cows at range of 360 to 390 day (12 month to 13 month), if the calving interval shorten than 360 days it can give impact on milk production decline 3.7 to 9 percent in lactation length. If the condition vice versa having longer calving interval more than 450 days (15 months) it will increasing milk yield production for 3.5 per cent. Although, the longer calving interval more 15 months increased milk production this situation may reflect on farmer profit because the milk has been produced not equivalent to feed has been giving to the cows. A study from I.R. Bajwa et al, 2004 the effect of average lactation length on parity is decreased begin at parity 4th and 5th, after parities 5th the milk yield and lactation length start to increased back until parties 8. Both breed and parity effects have been shown to exist on lactation curves (e.g. Wood, 1980; Collins-Lusweti, 1991; Friggens et al., 1999; Rekaya et al., 2001) and can now easily be included as fixed factors in test-day models and other linear models that incorporate time trends (Van der Werf et al., 1998; Macciotta et al., 2005). 2.2.7 Environment Results to characterize effects of climate on milk production are important for commercial milk production, perhaps particularly under circumstances where climate is a limiting factor (Sharma et al, 1988). Major benefits of shade management on milk yield appear to be related to indirect effects such as feed intake and digestive tract performance rather than direct effects on ability of the mammary gland to synthesize milk (Collier et al, 1981). Cows calving from November through March yielded more milk and fat than cows that calved in July and August. These results are similar to those reported by Blanehard etal. (3), Frick et al. (6), Gaunt et al. (7), and Wunder and McGilliard (22). Seasonal variation in animal performance in tropics is expected to be primarily a manifestation of variation in feed quality and quantity (Javed et al., 2000). The animals of temperate regions maintained in tropical conditions cannot behave similarly in both the environments (Javed et al., 2002). This i ndicated that the animals of temperate zone did not adapt to the harsh environments of tropics and could not perform satisfactorily (Javed et al., 2004). CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Source of Data The data on 233 performance records of 170 Jersey heifers, five bulls for natural mating purpose and 58 are in calves stages during the period of 2007 through 2009 were utilized for present study. All Jersey breed at this farm are pure and imported from Australia. After editing 3.2 Background and Location of Farm The data sources are from farm dairy at state of Keratong, Muadzam, Pahang at longitude 103.4833 °T and latitude 2.8167 °U in closed house system with temperature 24 °C. The sources of data are from Makmur Dairy Sdn Bhd. The Makmur Dairy Sdn Bhd was established under LKPP (Lembaga Kemajuan Perusahaan Pertanian) Corporation Sdn Bhd in May 2006. At beginning farm opening, 300 Jersey animals were imported from Australia. This farm not only focusing on dairy animal but also doing multiple ranches including feedlot cattle, dual purpose goat Shami breed. 3.3 General Management and Feeding Practice This farm practices cut and carry feeding (Guinea and Napier grass) system 40kg/head and concentrate 5-10kg/ head. This farm practices machine milking two daily routine, first at 7.00am and 4.00pm at evening. The entire animal at this farm are under intensive system. After milking process, the animal allow to free-range at paddock from 9.30 am until 10.00am. In this farm consist with two animal barns, barn A and barn B. Inside barn B; it completely closed house system provided with cooling pad and seven fans for cooling purpose. At this farm, they practices animal bedding using sand. 3.4 Data Record Extraction and Editing The following data will be collected: animal identification, date of calving, lactation milk yield, lactation length, lactation stage, parity, dry period, calving interval and nutrition value on concentrate feed. Following performance traits will be recorded/analysis and utilized in the present study. The data analyzed starting from year 2007 until 2009. 3.4.1 Lactation Milk Yield and Milk Yield per Day Total milk produced during a given lactation which terminated normally was considered as lactation milk yield. Lactation milk yield Effects of lactation length; calving interval and service period on lactation milk yield also estimated. Two lactation milk yields was grouped to three classes, this is because the farm newly established for about four years. The mean value, average and standard deviation is counted for lactation milk yield and milk yield per day beginning from 2007 until 2009. 3.4.2 Lactation Length Lactation period each cows is counted start from calving until the cows has dried up. Each of lactation length of cows is counting on average and mean value. The length of lactation period depends on production level and open period of each cow. 3.4.3 Lactation Stage In analyzed the data lactation stage has categorized to three sub classes the three sub class are 1 early lactation stage between 14 to 100 days, 2 mid lactation stage between 100 to 200 days and 3 late lactation stage between 200-350 days. The data regarding from 2007 to 2009 record farm keeping. 3.4.4 Parity The date of calving from first calving at years 2007 until 2009 is record for analyzing the data. Parity if a one major factors effect on lactation milk yield. More parity indicated lower of milk yield in dairy cattle especially in parities 4th and 5th (I.R Bajwa, 2004). The parities are divided into three group first is one for first parity, second is two for second parity and third is three for third parity. 3.4.5 Dry Period The right and proper management of dry period is one of keywords to make sure the milk production can stand in a high amount production. The data regarding dry period is going to make three sub class 1 dry period for 0 to 40days, 2 dry period 40 to 70 days and 3 dry period above 70 days. 3.4.6 Calving Interval The data from date of parturition is used for calculating calving interval, the means, standard deviation and standard error are applied to summarize the data. Because of the cows only have three parities, the calving interval is calculated based on first parities and second parities. The calving interval is divided into four categories that is zero represented for no calving interval, one is below than 360days, two for calving interval at range 360 to 390days and three is above 390. 3.4.7 Nutrition Value on Concentrate feed Proximate analysis of concentrate feed from the farm record is taking up for comparing the nutrition value concentrate feed at farm with recommended nutrient requirements for dairy cattle in different lactation stage. Nutrition is a factors effecting milk production of dairy animal. In different year the nutrition value is different in each year. The lactating ration and the basal ration nutrition value are taking up for comparison on effecting milk yield. 3.5 Data Analysis Analyzing data with unequal parameters and disproportionate sub class analyzed using statistical analysis software SAS 9.0. The data will be analyzed using SAS software with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The two independent variables in ANOVA are called factors, the factors are genetic and environment which can influence milk yield of Jersey cows. Mean values of several factors effecting on milk production capacity of Jersey cows were analyzed on analysis of variance (ANOVA): Production Capacity Based on Year 2007-2009 relating nutrient value on concentrated feed. Production Capacity Based on Parity, Lactation Stage, Dry Period, and Calving Interval. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis performance groups of Jersey cows productivity from 2007-2009 in various responses factors is interpret. 4.1 Production Capacity Patterns 4.1.1 Production Capacity Based on Year 2007-2009 Relating with Nutrient Value on Concentrated Feed Calculating mean of milk yields begin from year 2007 to 2009 for 126 milking cows was 906.15 ±63.32 liters with a coefficient of variation 78.4%. The highest yield was 949.91 liters at year 2009. In year 2007, the mean milk yield is 615.46  ±85.23liters with coefficient variations 57%. In the next year 2008 the mean milk yield is 953.27 ±99.44liters with coefficient variations 74%. In year 2009 the mean milk yield is 949.91 ±101.84 with coefficient variations 81.4%. The mean lactation length of all cows was 166 ±7.71days, with a coefficient variation 52.2%. For year 2007 it was 166 ±13.19days of lactation length with coefficient variations 32.8%. In year 2008 the mean lactation length is 165 ±12.57days with 54.4% coefficient variations. In year 2009 the mean lactation length is 167 ±12.13days with 55.3% coefficient variations. The milk production and lactation days based on year are shown in table 4.1.1(a) and fig 4.1.1(a). The analysis of variance on milk yield based on nutrient value of year has no significant different effect (P1.66). Nutrient value may effect on milk yield (liters), in nutrient value based on year one the NFE amount around 43-38%, for year two the amount of NFE is around 52-49% and third year the amount of NFE in range 48-52%. The requirement of nitrogen free extracts (NFE) not enough for supporting milk production as recommended value is 63.4% NFE. In year 2007-2008 the amount of total digestible nutrient (TDN) is in rage 56-68% only and it not enough for supporting milk production as recommended amount 72.8%. In year 2007-2009 value of metabolisms energy is sufficient for supporting milk yield because the recommended amount of metabolism energy in ration must be 11.10%. 4.1.2 Production Capacity Based on Parity, Lactation Stage, Dry Period, and Calving Interval. Number of 30 heads milking cow have been observed on the means milk yield (liters) of cows in parities one is 1219.51 ±126.17 with coefficient variance 56.7% and means value for second parities is 1403.22 ±101.02 with 26.9% of coefficient variance in fourteen cows been milking. The third parities for means value of milk yield is 1153.74 ±162.08 liters with 34.4% with six heads milking cows. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on factor effecting milk yield on parity one, parity two and parity three are significantly different (P Lactation stage are divided to three sub classes, the sub classes are lactation stage one considering as early lactation for 14-100days, second lactation stage is a mid lactation in range of 100-200days and third lactation stage with range of days 200-305days. The mean value for lactation stage one is 160 ± 251.29 with coefficient variance 14.4%. In second lactation stage the mean value is 777.10 ± 92.04 with coefficient variance 45.87%. The third lactation stage the men value is 1550.80 ± 77.91 with coefficient variance 28.86%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is lactation stage one, two and three have significantly (P Mean value in first dry period is 2266.42 ± 221.66 with coefficient variance 19.56% and second dry period on mean value 1362.10 ± 163.19 with coefficient variance 23.96%. The last, third dry period on mean value is 1158.10 ± 81.58 with coefficient variance 45.65%. The number one, two and three is representing on 1 for 0 to 40days, 2 for 40 to 70days and 3 for above 70days dry period. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) in dry period are significantly (P The mean value for calving interval on zero is 1229.70 ± 130.17 with 57% and second calving interval the mean value is 1605.20 ± 76.88 with coefficient variance 6.8%. The third calving interval is 1300.30 ± 129.46 of mean value and 29.86% of coefficient variance. The calving interval in one and three have not significantly (P Relating all factor effect on milk yield from analysis of variance they are significant between lactation stage and dry period (P CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION After al

Triumph of Good in Captain Corellis Mandolin Essay -- Captain Corelli

Triumph of Good in Captain Corelli's Mandolin  Ã‚   Despite a backdrop of war, many characters in "Captain Corelli's Mandolin" are essentially good. This goodness in many characters overcomes the difficulties within relationships and the difficulties posed by war. De Bernià ¨res shows the triumphant nature of this goodness through his characters as they interact and develop relationships with one another. The island of Cephallonia has been able to survive through a history full of invasions. Its population has triumphed and shows itself to be basically good. Although at one point they ridicule Father Arsenios when Velisarios humiliates him by lifting him up, there is no malice in their actions. They come to the church to leave "tokens of apology" for Father Arsenios and their goodwill to one another continues throughout the course of the novel. Despite the prejudice of society not allowing Carlo Guercio to live as freely as a homosexual as he would wish, his goodness triumphs as he is able to care for those he loves. When his love, Francesco, dies, Guercio's kind and loving nature comes through as he buries him with his mouse and goes to his mother to tell her of her son's death. He is kind enough to spare her from the truth about the brutality of her son's death, saying that "he died with a smile on his lips". Despite losing his loved one, Guercio's strong character and goodness allow him to go on and love again. This time the object of his affection is Captain Corelli, for whom he eventually sacrifices his life. Captain Corelli's goodness is evident from his first appearance despite the fact that he is a captain of the occupying force. As he marches his troops through the streets of Cephallonia, he breaks the tension by... ...elagia lives to the end of the novel, surviving the war and an earthquake . During the wartime, she and her father socialise with Italian and German soldiers. She uses her medical knowledge to help Mandras and the captain. Pelagia seems to have time for anything and has passionate feelings. She cares deeply for Lemoni and her pets too. The triumphant goodness of human life is evident in many character's lives as they overcome obstacles through their own determination and goodwill. Characters such as Carlo Guercio live not only for themselves, but to comfort others too as he ensures that he tells Francesco's mother that her son died peacefully. The generosity of many characters transcends timeframes as well as age barriers meaning that they help people through their lifetime meaning that more people than just themselves are able to achieve their aims in life.   

The Jmu Mailroom Case

THE JMU MAILROOM CASE If you expect your mail to come with the same â€Å"speedy delivery† made popular by mailman Mr. McFeeley of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, you may be disappointed over the next few weeks. While mail delivery is not drastically slower than normal, employees in the JMU postal service warehouse can offer several reasons why they are having trouble delivering mail as promptly as usual. The majority of the five-member crew who work in the warehouse, now located on South Main Street across from Duke’s Plaza say they are upset because postal service management did not take their opinions into account before throwing changes at them. We were consulted, but they didn’t take anything we said into account,† said Eric McKee, a postal service employee who works in the warehouse. Changes have included moving the warehouse to a building 10 minutes from campus which consists of a basement without running water or bathroom facilities. Employees m ust walk outside to the front of the building in order to use bathrooms. McKee, along with another delivery employee who wished to remain anonymous for fear of losing his job, complained of the â€Å"great physical stress† involved in carrying the large tubs of mail instead of carrying mailbags that can be thrown over the shoulder. According to another employee who wished to remain unnamed, in addition to the physical stress, the tub-delivery system slows up mail delivery considerably. The employee said by slinging mailbags over the shoulder it was easier to carry large loads of mail, something nearly impossible with the tubs. According to Terry Woodward, director of postal services, the change from mailbags to bins came the day after the warehouse change location. The changes were brought about to accommodate the growing volume of mail that has come as a result of the increasing numbers of departments and students in the university, Woddward said. Delivering the mail with the tub system instead of a bag system reduces steps, Woodward said, thus speeding the delivery time. While Woodward acknowledged that the changing system is the cause for mail slowdown, he said he expects delivery to speed up as employees get used to the new system. The warehouse used to be located in a trailer behind Anthony-Seeger Hall. The new location is a five-to-ten minute drive to campus, which employees say slows down their delivery time substantially. One delivery worker said the move has brought about â€Å"new obstacles,† such as having to wait 10 minutes for a train to cross in front of him. The facility was forced to move off campus Aug. 3 when the Facilities Management Department took over the trailer postal services used to occupy next to Anthony-Seeger Hall, Woodward said. Woodward said he expected initial resistance to the changes by postal employees, but hoped the workers would keep an open mind while giving the new system time to smooth out. â€Å"There’s certainly been some resistance,† Woodward said about postal employees’ reactions to the changes. One such case of resistance may have brought about the firing of Troy Munford, a summer postal service employee who said the new system is â€Å"unmanageable. † Munford claims he was fired for â€Å"insubordination† by Sonja Mace, operations manager for the postal service, when he told her the system wasn’t working and tried to arrange a meeting between the heads of postal services and the employees. Munford said that after he told Mace â€Å"you promised to give us your best and obviously your best wasn’t good enough,† Mace â€Å"stomped her foot . . . nd said, ‘you’re fired. ’† Due to Munford’s firing about two weeks ago, some employees were afraid to speak out or have their names printed in the paper for fear they may also lose their jobs. By making the changes, Mace â€Å"has doubled, if not tripled, the workload† of the employees, he said. ‘I’m just concerned for the people who are still her e,† Munford said. He said he is afraid some of them â€Å"will hurt themselves eventually, due to the physical difficulty of the job. † Mace refused to comment on any personnel issues regarding the change.

Outstanding argumentative essay topics

Outstanding argumentative essay topics Argumentative essay topics It is not an easy task to choose good argumentative essay topics if you are interested in getting excellent grades. Where to start the search from? You can start your search with taking a certain quality (creative, lazy, diligent, and curious, etc.) and defining it using your own experience. Try to remember the situations in which you demonstrated this quality. Besides, think about the moments when you lacked it or had it challenged. It is important to understand what your defining characteristics are. It will be much easier to choose the best argument essay topics. Try looking for surprising and unexpected topics. Collect your thoughts and remember different things that have happened to you. It can be a funny incident from your childhood when you could not get out of some refrigerator box, or any other thing that no one could expect from you. Good argumentative essay examples also show that it is efficient to choose the topic related to the activity you are keen on. The readers will be involved into your story if it shows you from an unknown perspective: like a baseball player interested in knitting. Furthermore, it is great to choose a characteristic or trait that even the people who know you for a long time are not aware of. Tell about the size of your foot which is too small for your height, or choose any other impressive characteristic. Build your top-notch argument essay on the interesting topics. Do not use the routine threadbare things which will bore the readers to death. The examples of mundane topics are the following: How I Have Overcome My Fear of Public Transport, The Day I Helped My Neighbor Maid Clean the Hotel Rooms, My Friends Think I Weigh Too Much to Be Sensitive, I Have Never Tried any Informal Things Living in Surf City. There are numerouss of argumentative essays that can be found online. Read them not to be confused and embarrassed. Skim through the essays written by students from all over the world to feel what you can tell to your readers. Trigger your own ideas looking through the ideas of other students. Use the examples of argumentative essays to improve your style of writing and the skill of working on the structure of the text. Think about the problems and obstacles you had on your way. Think over the problem and get an exciting story to write. Look through some argumentative essay to see what people write about phobias, bad luck, changes, challenges and mistakes. An engaging story starts from a little personal anecdote. Most Interesting Topics for Argumentative Essays We have created a list of the most interesting topics for argumentative essays for you to be able to create a true masterpiece and get the excellent grade. Choosing one topic from this list, you will find many reasonable arguments and prepare an exemplary essay. Society 1.  Ã‚     How winning the lottery can change the life of a person? 2.  Ã‚     Why is the death penalty such a controversial issue in the contemporary society? 3.  Ã‚     What is the role of fashion nowadays? 4.  Ã‚     Why do so many people decide to be atheists? 5.  Ã‚     Pros and cons of gun control. 6.  Ã‚     The key reasons to become a member of the fraternity or sorority at the college. 7.  Ã‚     What are the possible drawbacks of the democracy? 8.  Ã‚     Why living forever is boring? 9.  Ã‚     What are the benefits of the highly competitive environment? 10.  Ã‚     Should the working mothers have some privileges? 11.  Ã‚     Should the government of different countries make the control of refuges stricter? 12.  Ã‚     The concept of cultural shock: Why it is so hard to accept the culture of other people? 13.  Ã‚     Abortion as an ethical concept. 14.  Ã‚     Should the government improve the antiracist policies? 15.  Ã‚     Why is the sexual orientation still a burning issue in the contemporary tolerant society? Technology 1.  Ã‚     Are people too dependent on the modern technology in the 21st century? 2.  Ã‚     Does the internet slow down the moral development? 3.  Ã‚     What impact does the social media have on the human life? 4.  Ã‚     E-books vs classic books: Benefits and shortcomings. 5.  Ã‚     The phenomenon of Instagram. Why are people becoming more dependent? 6.  Ã‚     How can the robots make the human life easier? 7.  Ã‚     The reasons for cryptocurrency appearance. 8.  Ã‚     How long should we wait before the electronic money will substitute the paper one? 9.  Ã‚     Cyberbullying: What areas should be protected? 10.  Ã‚     Should the children of elementary schools be prevented from computed games? 11.  Ã‚     Does the social media tend to make us lonelier? 12.  Ã‚     Should the Internet content be more restricted? 13.  Ã‚     The negative consequences of the artificial intelligence development. 14.  Ã‚     Are people dependent on the comments in social networks? Education 1.  Ã‚     College education: Pros and cons. 2.  Ã‚     Should the membership in fraternity influence the student`s performance? 3.  Ã‚     How the college dropouts Bill Gates and Steve Jobs could reach success? 4.  Ã‚     If compulsory homework is canceled, will children study at home? 5.  Ã‚     What are the essential characteristics of the student-professor relationships? 6.  Ã‚     If the child does not like the particular subject, what measures should be taken? 7.  Ã‚     Should college authorities be loyal towards the sexual orientation of the students? 8.  Ã‚     What are the negative aspects of conformism in the educational environment? 9.  Ã‚     What subjects should be optional? 10.  Ã‚     How the prof-orientation tests help the students select the career. 11.  Ã‚     Free college education: Advantages and disadvantages. 12.  Ã‚     Should college athletes be paid? 13.  Ã‚     Should children be taught housekeeping at school? 14.  Ã‚     Should children be tested for drugs at school? 15.  Ã‚     Is homework an effective instrument to gain knowledge? Health 1.  Ã‚     The benefits and shortcomings of the US healthcare system. 2.  Ã‚     Why is the breakfast a must for maintaining good health? 3.  Ã‚     Should people have the right to death? Pros and cons of euthanasia. 4.  Ã‚     What are the possible benefits of shortening the working day to six hours? 5.  Ã‚     Obesity in the United States: Causes and consequences of the problem. 6.  Ã‚     Should free mental therapy be provided to the children of school age? 7.  Ã‚     What kinds of sports are dangerous for the human health? 8.  Ã‚     The pros and cons of being vegan. 9.  Ã‚     The dangerous consequences of human cloning. 10.  Ã‚     The danger of fast food: To eat or not to eat. 11.  Ã‚     Should marijuana be legalized? 12.  Ã‚     The impact of Obamacare on the US society. 13.  Ã‚     How can a good sleep influence the human life? 14.  Ã‚     Shopping: Addiction or hobby? 15.  Ã‚     Does the lifespan depend on genetics? Family 1.  Ã‚     Should same-gender people have the rights to raise a child? 2.  Ã‚     To what extent should be parents involved in the life of their child? 3.  Ã‚     Should people undergo some tests before becoming the parents? 4.  Ã‚     How the parents` inability to raise up a child should be punished? 5.  Ã‚     To what extent are the parents responsible for the crimes of their children? 6.  Ã‚     Should men and women have the same rights in marriage? 7.  Ã‚     Is it ethical to read the child`s diary? 8.  Ã‚     Should parents allow their children plastic surgery if the latter want to fix the obvious defects? 9.  Ã‚     Do parents have the rights to tell their child whom to date with? 10.  Ã‚     Should children have the right to decide with whom to stay after divorce? 11.  Ã‚     At what age parents can allow their child to try alcohol? 12.  Ã‚     Why having more than five children is considered irresponsible? 13.  Ã‚     Should children be obliged to help their elderly parents financially? 14.  Ã‚     How can parents cope with the drug addiction of their child? Literature, Cinema, Art, and Other Interesting Topics for Argumentative Essays 1.  Ã‚     How the level of censorship influences the development of art in a certain country? 2.  Ã‚     Are the movies of the 21st century became crueler? 3.  Ã‚     Why watching TV is the waste of time? 4.  Ã‚     Books vs movies: Key advantages and disadvantages. 5.  Ã‚     Do the actors playing the murderers and maniacs take some risk? 6.  Ã‚     Should parents take their children to the exhibitions with the nude pictures? 7.  Ã‚     Do all forms of art deserve for existence? 8.  Ã‚     How the books can broaden the human worldview? 9.  Ã‚     Do the famous artists have the innate talent or it is the hard work that helped them reach success? 10.  Ã‚     Plagiarism: What are the causes and consequences of using the works of other people? We do hope that you choosing one of the interesting topics for argumentative essays mentioned above, you will impress your professor. Indeed, each of them opens a huge field of research and if you want to achieve success, just dedicate some time and efforts to writing your essay.

Six Frat Boys essays

Six Frat Boys essays The premise of this film is that there are six college aged students who represent six different stereotypes. There is a frat-boy type who attends every party on campus, a feminist activist who is offended by everything, computer-science major who spends his time making websites, a sweet, but somewhat flighty girl who is constantly being hit on, an armature rapper who makes up lyrics for everything he wants to say, and a wiccan girl who is constantly trying out new spells and incantations. These six students seem to have nothing in common with each other, but there is one central character that ties them all together. He is a slightly goofy student that makes extra cash by selling the answers to tests to students. Each of these students calls upon him and when he visits them they tell him their reasoning for needing his services instead of studying. As the plot unfolds and bits and pieces of the story are told, it turns out that each character is intertwined some way in the plot. Wh en each person is telling their version of the story, the other characters come off as being an exaggerated version of the stereotype they represent, to show how we sometimes classify people without getting to know them. The six people had all attended a party the previous weekend, without really knowing who each other were. The feminist character was attending the party to be able to write about the way women were treated at such events and when shes there she discovers the ditsy and decides to write about her and how misguided she is, but then ends up envying the attention she gets from all the males. The frat boy as a joke from his frat brothers follows the feminist around to try to mess with her, but ends up discovering she is not the man hating person everyone thought she was. The computer nerd was brought to the party by the rapper who wants him to make a website for his rap group and the computer guy ends up staying for the party and the two re...